Thursday, January 2, 2020
The Theory Of The Workplace Planning Essay - 794 Words
advancement. Workplace planning should be used for organizational growth, and employee growth should be adjusted after quarterly reviews (Hassanain, 2010). Faith Evangelistic Assembly of God should employ two different strategies to recruit in order to fill vacancies. They should use internal recruitment, and external recruitment. First, the church can evaluate people within the organization who expressed a desire to move up in the organization. If these positions are not filled, the church can recruit externally with the use of social media. The purpose of internal recruitment before external recruit is to boost employee morale Established employees should not feel like they are being over-looked. Strategy Development: Theoretical Rationale: Theoretical rationale: Support your strategy development or rationale with psychological theory and proven consulting methods. The process of planning the workplace planning is subject to conditions of continuous change and uncertainty. The theory associated with workforce planning is developed on the basis of production and commitment aligning workplace to the organizationââ¬â¢s general strategy. Workplace planning measures organizational needs, including user functions, geometrical and temporal needs, spatial performance, and associated costs, thereby enabling activity-based cost management. Opening a position for external candidates reduces the chance of promotions for existing workers. This may cause the existing employees toShow MoreRelatedFunctions And Functions Of Management1119 Words à |à 5 Pagesengaging with an organisation s human talent and using the physical resources at a manager s disposal to accomplish desired goals a nd objectives (set by the stakeholders of the organisation) efficiently and effectively. Management comprises of planning, organising, staffing, leading, directing, and controlling an organisation (a group of one or more people or entities) or effort for the purpose of accomplishing a goal or objective which could either be set by the manager or the organisationââ¬â¢s highRead MoreManagement Foundations Essay1635 Words à |à 7 Pagesthe framework from which later theories evolved and concerns efficiency and productivity, which in turn leads to effective and efficient management. Scientific management and the Administrative theory are both classical management theories, which provide information on managing in the workplace, which are very useful and vital to have in the workplace. These theories are very different in many ways as they both have different purposes when managing in the workplace although there are one or two similaritiesRead MoreManagement Theories1655 Words à |à 7 PagesOrganization and Management Theories Heather Lunn-Howard HCS/514 11/3/2014 Jeani Thomas In this paper I will give an overview of four areas of management theory: Scientific Management, Human relations Theory, Bureaucracy, and administrative science. Along with some background on where each theory came from. Scientific Management Frederick Taylor, with his theories of Scientific Management, helped mold our modern management styles. In the early 1900s, FrederickRead MoreWorkplace Violence And Prevention And Health Administration1023 Words à |à 5 Pagesimportant topics as: Workplace violence and prevention: Workplace violence as defined by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration [OSHA] is ââ¬Å"any act or threat of physical violence, harassment, intimidation, or other threatening disruptive behavior that occurs at the work siteâ⬠(n.d.). In recent years workplace violence has received accumulative consideration, and has been increasingly responsible of accidents and work injuries. There are several types of workplace violence, it can be presentedRead MoreThe Benefits Of Pr Planning936 Words à |à 4 PagesThe benefits of PR planning. PR planning assists practitioners to execute a campaign effectively in areas such communication, budgeting, monitoring progress, key learnings and identifying areas of improvement, which in turn demonstrate credibility, alignment to organisational goals and return on investment (Public Relations Institute of Australia 2015). PRIA (2015) recommends as best practice planning for PR programs to include research, measurement and evaluation processes. Setting communicationRead MoreManagement Skills Need For The Business Successful And Profitable At The Global Platform1638 Words à |à 7 Pagesmanagers inspire, some motivate and other fails miserably to engage their employees. The management skills need to be effectively leveraged so as to maximize the success of the business and are the key elements for making the healthy and desirable workplace. Business is an entity with several numbers of internal and external customers and these customers are effectively managed via effective managem ent skills. Thus, management skills is about knowing and doing, whereby conceptual rules of managementRead MoreContemporary Management And Employee Employer936 Words à |à 4 Pagesrelations. Management theories and employee-employer relations have been expanded from Taylor Frederickââ¬â¢s scientific theory into multiple theories and strategies including contemporary management functions, contributions in regards to the functions and employee-employer relations. Modern management approaches recognise that not all theories can be applied collectively in all situations. However there are four rudimentary management functions that are recognized: Planning, Organising, Leading andRead MoreHow Do People Learn Their Workplace?852 Words à |à 4 PagesHow do people learn in their workplaces? That was a question in my mind while driving to the Jeddah Refinery where I had my first exposure to a workplace as an intern in 1998. I realized through that experience the difference between classroom learning and workplace learning. Since then, I have been interested in workplace learning as a lively topic throughout various stages in my career. I am currently work as a learning and staff development specialist. This job requires a set of roles and responsibilitiesRead MoreTheoretical Models847 Words à |à 4 Pageswill know the individual positive or negative attributes of each employee. This will assist in determining how best to motivate everyone for t he good of the department. Many motivational theories exist but only equity and goal-setting theories will be discussed here. Equity Theory Theory Description Equity theory basis relies on the comparison of inputs to outcomes. In the work setting an employeeââ¬â¢s education, skill set, and anything else he or she brings to the job position provides the input.Read MoreOrganizational Communication: Helps The World Stay Functional?.1034 Words à |à 5 Pagescontribution within our American and Global society. We understand the practice of non-verbal communication. We understand the cyber culture of communication and how technology has developed the way we communicate. Nonetheless, out of the many aspects and theories, organizational communication is one of the most prevalent in the American society. America is well established for big business and corporations that work with and through communication. With organizational communication, it upholds the efforts
Wednesday, December 25, 2019
Cultural Differences Paper - 892 Words
Cultural Differences Paper Cultural Differences Introduction Many people throughout the world indentify themselves by their cultural background. It is common knowledge that there are many different cultures throughout the world. Each culture has its similarities and differences. Every individual has multiple identities Race, ethnic, gender, national, regional, organizational, personal, cyber/fantasyââ¬âthat act in concert. The importance of any single identity is a result of the situation. As the context varies, you may choose to emphasize one or more of your identities. A conceptual inquiry into race or gender would seek an articulation of our concepts of race or gender (Riley 1988). For outside a rather narrow segment of the academicâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦People with gender identity disorder may act and present themselves as members of the opposite sex and may express a desire to alter their bodies. The disorder affects an individuals self-image, and can impact the persons mannerisms, behavior, and dress. Individuals who are com mitted to altering their physical appearance through cosmetics, hormones and, in some cases, surgery are known as transsexuals A person with a gender identity is a person who strongly identifies with the other sex. The individual may identify with the opposite sex to the point of believing that he/she is, in fact, a member of the other sex who is trapped in the wrong body. This causes that person to experience serious discomfort with his/her own biological sex orientation. The gender identity disorder causes problems for this person in school, work or social settings. This disorder is different from transvestism or transvestic fetishism where cross-dressing occurs for sexual pleasure, but the transvestite does not identify with the other sex (Ruble DN 1994) Racial Identity Racial identity is which racial society a person mostly identifies with. However, in todayââ¬â¢s world many people have two or more racial identities that make it more difficult for them to grasp and understand the cultural traditions and beliefs. On of the most prominent influences in America is President Barack Obama. As the Unites States first black president has taken office, aShow MoreRelatedCultural Differences Paper1668 Words à |à 7 Pagesï » ¿ Cultural Differences Paper Jessica Fuentes COM 360 September 10, 2014 Mary Wardlaw There are cultural differences within all the communities that make up the world, we are constantly surrounded and reminded of these other cultures. In this paper cultural differences will be discussed from the film ââ¬Å"Why Did I Get Married?â⬠which is an African-American movie about the hardships one goes through in marriage, friendships, and trust. This paper is going to give specific examplesRead MoreSpan 110 Complete Course Span110 Complete Course695 Words à |à 3 Pagescom/q/span-110-complete-course-span110-complete-course/13563 SPAN 110 WEEK 2 TEAM ASSIGNMENT CULTURAL SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES IN THE ARTS PAPER Selectà two countries where Spanish is the predominant language to serve as the basis for the Learning Team assignments in this course. Obtain faculty approval for your selections. Researchà the cultural customs, such as dance, music, theater, and the visual arts for each of your selected countries. Writeà a 700- to 1,050-word paper on the cultural customs in your selected countries. Include theRead MoreHow Educational And Cultural Environment Of A Subject Can Make A Difference Essay1587 Words à |à 7 PagesSummary: Prior research on professional scepticism focused mostly on the trait perspective .But this paper by argues the mostly commonly held assumption that individual personality attributes are static. The main focus of this paper is how educational and cultural environment of a subject can make a difference in their personality variable self-construal and therefore influence sceptical judgment. There has not been any research done in this respect that involves Chinese accounting student in ChinaRead MoreCultural Constraints in Management by G. Hofstede904 Words à |à 4 PagesA Critical Review of Hofstede, G. 1993, Cultural Constraints in Management Theories, The Executive, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 81-94. There have been many research and studies on the national cultures and its consequences on management theories by numerous researchers. Of those many, ââ¬ËCultural constraints on management theories,ââ¬â¢ by Hofstede (1993) is one that has been talked about by most scholars. He strongly claimed that management is a function of culture and that culture influences the way managersRead MoreChallenges Faced By Ethnic Minority Supervisors1216 Words à |à 5 PagesChallenges Faced By Ethnic Minority Supervisors in Clinical Supervision Personal Preparation My specialization paper will focus on the challenges faced by ethnic minority supervisors in clinical supervision. My paper is guided by the courses I took in the doctoral program, my personal experience as a supervisor and the gaps in literature review that motivated me to pursue this area of research. In the past two and a half years of my doctoral program, I took courses (advanced clinical supervisionRead MoreInternational Staffing990 Words à |à 4 PagesCheckPoint ââ¬â International Staffing HRM 240 - Human Resource Management October 23, 2010 International Staffing This paper was written for the purpose of exploring the cultural variances in international business and geographical locations of home offices, and remote locations in different countries. Currently organizations are realizing the significance challenges of working in a diverse and challenging environment. ââ¬Å"Staffing a site internationally can add new responsibilitiesRead MoreCross Cultural Relationship Between People And People From Different Cultural Backgrounds Essay1564 Words à |à 7 PagesCross Cultural Relationships Abstract This term paper focuses on different types of relationships, be it personal, professional or marital, between people from different cultural backgrounds. The objective of this paper is to list out the ways in which to have a healthy relationship between people who are so different from each other. This has a major significance in todayââ¬â¢s world as people are beginning to accept each other on a wider basis across nations and as a result there comes a situationRead MoreSocial Capital And Cultural Capital915 Words à |à 4 PagesSocial and cultural capital are two very important factors for school success as these factors explain the differences in achievement gap. à ¬According to Golash-Boza, social capital is ââ¬Å"the relationships and networks that students haveâ⬠and cultural capital is ââ¬Å"the cultural resources a student has at his or her disposalâ⬠(Golash-Boza 225). For social capital, it is basically knowing someone who already has experience of accompli shment in education. It is important to know someone close to a studentRead MoreCultural Differences1094 Words à |à 5 PagesCultural Differences In every culture, people work diligently to find a common ground for acceptance and tolerance. Typically, people are accepting of various social criteria that are oftentimes associated with a specific ethnicity. However, many individuals simply tolerate the beliefs, standards, values, and behaviors of other individuals in society while inwardly opposed to the model of the displayed behaviors of other individuals as it relates to another individuals beliefs, value systems, andRead MoreThe Challenges Faced By International Students In Higher Education852 Words à |à 4 Pagesstruggle with language issues and cultural differences during their studies, especially more noticeable with Chinese students as they reach 33% and 66% of the whole international student population in Canada and South Korea, respectively (CBIE, 2016; Kim, 2017). This paper aims to examine the challenges faced by international students in Canada and South Korea, and explore what support system are available to support the student learning in academics, social and cultural aspects. As a Canadian immigrant
Tuesday, December 17, 2019
Elementay Schools Classroom Observation - 1908 Words
Some students in elementary school seem to breeze through their school years, whereas others struggle, putting them at risk for getting lost in our educational system and not reaching their full potential. Parents and teachers want to help students succeed, but there is little guidance as to which learning techniques are the most effective for improving educational outcomes. This leads students to implement studying strategies that are often ineffective, resulting in minimal gains in performance. As educators, one of the main goals in the classroom is to have students be able to transfer the material they learn in the classrooms and translate that to the real world. We must produce effective problem-solving and critical-thinking skills in our young students so that they are ready to overcome any problem that awaits them. In order to get a better understanding, I visited three schools in the Selinsgrove area school district. I visited the Selinsgrove Intermediate and Elementary School s and I also visited the Child Development Center located on the campus of Susquehanna University. The first classroom I observed was in the Intermediate School and the teacher that I observed was Mr. Moll. Mr. Moll was a third-grade teacher for the school district, and while visiting him, I noticed that he seemed to be very energetic and encouraging towards his students. This is important when dealing with students at such a young age because they can be influenced by anyone who is of higher
Monday, December 9, 2019
Developing Menus for Special Dietary Requirements
Question: Discuss about the Developing Menus for Special Dietary Requirements. Answer: Introduction: This menu was taken in a local restaurant that offers specializes in Chinese food. The menu is divided into seven categories namely, appetizers, soup, egg foo young, vegetables, seafood, beef and chicken or pork. These categories are then subdivided into various meal combinations. For the appetizers, a there is a variety of combinations that provide a wholesome meal. However, the protein components are significant compared to vitamins and carbohydrates. Additionally, most of the appetizers are fried providing higher levels of cholesterol. Also, most appetizers consist of chicken products. They contain a high percentage of fats, protein and vitamin B-6. The next class is soups which range from egg soup to vegetable and noodle soup. Beef and chicken soup represent proteins in this group. They are highly nutritious as they contain a variety of vitamins such as vitamin A and C as well as iron and potassium. However, some such as chicken soup may contain cholesterol. They do not constitute carbohydrates. The next group is egg foo young (fried rice). Rice provides a relatively high percentage of carbohydrates. It has no fats and very low levels of vitamins and minerals. On the other hand, eggs contain high cholesterol and proteins (Jenkins, et al. 2003). Besides, some people tend to be allergic to high levels of protein found in eggs. Nonetheless, vitamins such as A, B-12, and D are found in eggs as well as calcium. The vegetable category is minimal containing peapods and string beans. Which these foods are healthy as they lack fats and are high in vitamins, they also deficient in protein. Besides, they are not preferred by many people. The seafood category majors on shrimp. Shrimp has high cholesterol and proteins. It also contains minerals such as sodium, magnesium, potassium, iron, and calcium. It contains no vitamins and carbohydrates (Sass, 2014). Beef is the other classification which is combined with vegetables and sauce. Carbohydrates are minimal in this group while proteins and iron levels are high. Beef also has relatively low cholesterol compared to chicken and eggs. The saturated fats in beef are high, and so are vitamins B-6 and B12. Lastly is the chicken or pork segment. Pork is barbecued, and chicken is presented with vegetables, mushrooms, and broccoli. Chicken has high levels of saturated fats and cholesterol. It contains proteins and vitamin B-6 in high levels. Additionally, iron, sodium, calcium, potassium and magnesium are present. However, it lacks carbohydrates ("Chicken, broilers or fryers, breast, meat only, cooked, roasted Nutrition Facts Calories," 2014). Alternatively, pork has lower levels of saturated fats and cholesterol compared to chicken. It has proteins and high compositions of potassium. It contains vitamins B-12, B-6 and D. iron, magnesium, sodium, and calcium are also present but at lower levels compared to beef (Souci, Fachmann, Kraut, 2000). This menu seems to cover most foods but lacks any drinks. Besides, it concentrates on foods with high cholesterol. It does not take into account clients that are allergic to highly protein foods. Besides, foods are restricted to proteins and a very limited range of vegetables thus it is not preferred by vegetarians. Foods are also low in carbohydrates and energy except for the category with rice. This menu, therefore, requires some changes. It should concentrate on low cholesterol foods such as vegetables and increase the types of carbohydrates provided. Additionally, nutritious drinks and other preferred drinks should be provided. Ingredients such as chicken and shrimp should be reduced, and vegetables increased. The cooking process may shift from making chicken meals to vegetable salads. The cost will relatively change to accommodate the providence of drinks. These changes will accommodate customers who require low cholesterol foods, accommodated those with protein-related allergies and those who prefer vegetables to meat. This menu consists of seven groups namely, dinner, dessert, combinations, vegetables, sandwiches, side orders and beverages. However, unlike the first menu, it contains fried and barbecued meat as well as snacks. Additionally, the available kinds of meat are chicken and baby back ribs. Dinner and the combination groups consist of chicken and baby back ribs, while the dessert is either banana pudding, lemon pie or carrot cake. Sandwiches consist of chopped chicken or barbecue accompanied by lemonade or tea. The vegetable group is more diverse than the first menu to comprise of steamed cabbages, corn and butter beans, potato salad, collard greens and Brunswick stew. The side orders are in the vegetable category and include French fries and hush puppies. Additionally, the menu has canned drinks, iced tea, and lemonade for beverages. This list concentrates on high protein foods that also contain high cholesterol levels particular chicken. The desserts offered are high in sugar and so are the can drink provided. This menu provides little carbohydrates foods. However, the vegetables offered are quite diverse providing healthy foods and vitamins ("Vegetable Nutrition," 2017). Chicken and back ribs contain minerals and vitamins required by the body. According to this menu, customers with diabetes and cholesterol-related problems are at a loss since the foods available contain both high sugar levels and cholesterol. Additionally, since most meals consist of barbecued meat, the food contains high calories (Nielsen, 2010). Nonetheless, it provides a variety of foods to accommodate different preferences. Therefore, the menu requires changes. The quantity of barbecued meat should be reduced and replaced with foods with low calories levels. A category of soups should be introduced to accommodate clients who want fluids. This changes will affect the cooking process which will shift from grilling to making salads. The cost will relatively reduce and some ingredients, especially those used in barbecue eliminated. References Chicken, broilers or fryers, breast, meat only, cooked, roasted Nutrition Facts Calories. (2014). Nutritiondata.self.com. Retrieved 15 March 2017, from https://nutritiondata.self.com/facts/poultry-products/703/2 Sass, C. (2014). 7 Things You Should Know About Shrimp. Health.com. Retrieved 15 March 2017, from https://www.health.com/nutrition/calories-in-shrimp Jenkins, D. J., Kendall, C. W., Marchie, A., Faulkner, D. A., Wong, J. M., de Souza, R., ... Trautwein, E. A. (2003). Effects of a dietary portfolio of cholesterol-lowering foods vs. lovastatin on serum lipids and C-reactive protein. Jama, 290(4), 502-510. Nielsen, S. S. (Ed.). (2010). Food analysis (p. 550). New York: Springer. Souci, S. W., Fachmann, W., Kraut, H. (2000). Food composition and nutrition tables (No. Ed.6). Medpharm GmbH Scientific Publishers. Vegetable Nutrition. (2017). Vegetables. Retrieved 15 March 2017, from https://www.vegetables.co.nz/health/vegetable-nutrition/
Sunday, December 1, 2019
The experience economy
The sports industry is one of the key income generating industries in the world. It consists of a market whereby the businesses products are sports related. The products may be services, goods, people, places or thoughts. In society, sports play a crucial role and it is clear that it is indispensable. Besides, media involvement in the sports industry has developed close links between sports and other industries.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The experience economy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Sports industry and the economical, rational behavior of sports operators Though sports industry has been found to be a core revenue source for different states, the industry does not totally apply economic principles in its operations since it is not purely business oriented. Apart from the provision of revenue, it has other crucial roles which include recreation, health promotion of individuals involved, promotion of social contacts and environmental conservation among others. Mostly, many of the sports industry activities are financed by sponsors who have no personal interests and who not necessarily require anything in return. As a result, this industry has been able to grow at exceptionally high rate. As the economy becomes unstable, it is expected the sports industry will tighten its conditions if it has to purely apply economic principles. Some of the changes expected to be introduced include increasing the prices of the tickets sold to fans to watch a certain game. If this happens, many fans will opt not to watch their favorite games through televisions. Hence the industry may not achieve its objectives. Most of the players are sponsored by well wishers in the sports industry because many have talents in their respective sports but not financially stable. If the sponsors applied economic principles, then there would be no sponsors willing to help the economically challenged but talented p ersons in society. This will discourage the promotion of social contacts of the poor and the industry would be left for the rich. In addition, there would be no discovery of talents and completion would be low hence the sports industry will have no future. Sustainability of sporting leagues in Australia (netball, ice hockey and A-league football) In Australia, there are many sporting leagues in the various types of sports. Sustaining a league requires different stakeholders to support it in different possible ways. Moreover, having many leagues in different sporting activities in a state may be cumbersome to manage.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The fact that all the leagues require finances in order to run, some of them will not be able to acquire enough finances because they will have to share the few available funds. Only the popular leagues will be able to survive beca use many sponsors will be willing to support them. The netball, ice hockey and the A-league were not sustainable in Australia because it was quite challenging to get enough finances. Due to the various leagues in a state, some of them can attract a sizeable population of supporters hence gaining popularity than the rest. If a league is popular, it grows faster because the best players, referees, coaches and other stakeholders will be willing to be identified with it. Other leagues face the challenge of not being able to get the qualified players and therefore difficult to sustain. This explains some of the reasons why netball, Ice hockey and the A-leagues in Australia are unsustainable. In recap, sports industry is crucial towards developing economies of different states and also to improve the social contact of a community. Hence, it should be managed carefully and all decisions should be based on the success of the industry but not personal interests. This essay on The experience economy was written and submitted by user Ignacio Lindsay to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.
Tuesday, November 26, 2019
Bill Gates and Steve Jobs since 1980 essays
Bill Gates and Steve Jobs since 1980 essays In the early 80s the world so the initial boom of the computer era. The first personal computers were sold and the main players of the business were sorted out. Two of the prominent figures were Steve Jobs and Bill Gates. Each pioneering their own front, the two entered the 90s as the computer world celebrities. By the mid 90s each of these tycoons' life had taken many turns and twists, albeit for the better usually. Bill Gates' 1995 was a bit hectic, this was the year of the huge unveiling of windows 95. After many delayed attempts to get it out Gates released windows 95 in August without Microsoft Plus, as had been earlier said, this was due to time restrictions as changing windows 95 to 96 would be a waste of money and probably more seriously the worst move commercially any company would ever make. With the release of Windows 95 the world saw the largest over media onslaught to sell a product. Also with the release of Windows came Microsoft's foray into the Internet market share. In hindsight this perhaps may not have been the best move to make. 1996 passed with much criticism of Gates' operating system, people said it was unstable, hard to figure out and anything else possible. 1997 came around with rumours of a new operating system in the works dubbed Chicago. This was perhaps a rumour but more likely the beginning of Windows 98. In 1998 Gates released this newer version of Window s 95, which made the world Gates' subject for the biggest beta test ever. Windows 98 was just an upgrade of 95. Upgrade may be an understatement, but on the surface it is almost identical, underneath they are worlds apart. Recently Microsoft's ghosts have come to haunt them. Netscape, their main rival in the Internet division, had started an Anti-trust case in the federal supreme court. The accusations spawned from a dispute where Netscape's browser were being loaded onto pre made Compaq computers and Microsoft did not approve of thi...
Saturday, November 23, 2019
Andrew Jackson, Indian Removal, and the Trail of Tears
Andrew Jackson, Indian Removal, and the Trail of Tears The Indian Removal policy of President Andrew Jackson was prompted by the desire of white settlers in the South to expand into lands belonging to five Indian tribes. After Jackson succeeded in pushing the Indian Removal Act through Congress in 1830, the U.S. government spent nearly 30 years forcing Indians to move westward, beyond the Mississippi River. In the most notorious example of this policy, more than 15,000 members of the Cherokee tribe were forced to walk from their homes in the southern states to designated Indian Territory in present-day Oklahoma in 1838. Many died along the way. This forced relocation became known as the ââ¬Å"Trail of Tearsâ⬠because of the great hardship faced by Cherokees. In brutal conditions, nearly 4,000 Cherokees died on the Trail of Tears. Conflicts With Settlers Led to Indian Removal There had been conflicts between whites and Native Americans since the first white settlers arrived in North America. But in the early 1800s, the issue had come down to white settlers encroaching on Indian lands in the southern United States. Five Indian tribes were located on land that would be highly sought for settlement, especially as it was prime land for the cultivation of cotton. The tribes on the land were the Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Creek, and Seminole. Over time the tribes in the south tended to adopt white ways such as taking up farming in the tradition of white settlersà and in some cases even buying and owning African American slaves. These efforts at assimilation led to the tribes becoming known as the ââ¬Å"Five Civilized Tribes.â⬠Yet taking up the ways of the white settlers did not mean the Indians would be able to keep their lands. In fact, settlers hungry for land were actually dismayed to see Indians, contrary to all the propaganda about them being savages, adopt the farming practices of the white Americans. The Attitude of Andrew Jackson Toward Indians The accelerated desire to relocate Indians to the West was a consequence of the election of Andrew Jackson in 1828. Jackson had a long and complicated history with Indians, having grown up in frontier settlements where stories of Indian attacks were common. At various times in his early military career, Jackson had been allied with Indian tribesà but had also waged brutal campaigns against Indians. His attitude toward Native Americans was not unusual for the times, though by todayââ¬â¢s standards he would be considered a racist as he believed Indians to be inferior to whites. One way to view Jacksonââ¬â¢s attitude toward Indians was that he was paternalistic, believing the Indians to be like children who needed guidance. And by that way of thinking, Jackson may well have believed that forcing the Indians to move hundreds of miles westward may have been for their own good, as they would never fit in with white society. Of course, the Indians, not to mention sympathetic white people ranging from religious figures in the North to the backwoods hero turned Congressman Davy Crockett, saw things quite differently. To this day Andrew Jacksons legacy is often tied to his attitudes toward Native Americans. According to an article in the Detroit Free Press in 2016, many Cherokees, to this day, will not use $20 bills because they bear the likeness of Jackson. Cherokee Leader John Ross Fought Against Indian Removal Policies The political leader of the Cherokee tribe, John Ross, was the son of a Scottish father and a Cherokee mother. He was destined for a career as a merchant, as his father had been, but became involved in tribal politics and in 1828 Ross was elected the tribal chief of the Cherokee. In 1830, Ross and the Cherokee took the audacious step of trying to retain their lands by filing suit against the state of Georgia. The case eventually went to the U.S. Supreme Court, and Chief Justice John Marshall, while avoiding the central issue, ruled that the states could not assert control over the Indian tribes. According to legend, President Jackson scoffed, saying, ââ¬Å"John Marshall has made his decision; now let him enforce it. And no matter what the Supreme Court ruled, the Cherokees did face serious obstacles. Vigilante groups in Georgia attacked them, and John Ross was nearly killed in one attack. Indian Tribes Were Forcibly Removed In the 1820s, the Chickasaws, under pressure, began moving westward. The U.S. Army began forcing the Choctaws to move in 1831. The French author Alexis de Tocqueville, on his landmark trip to America, witnessed a party of Choctaws struggling to cross the Mississippi with great hardship in the dead of winter. The leaders of the Creeks were imprisoned in 1837, and 15,000 Creeks were forced to move westward. The Seminoles, based in Florida, managed to fight a long war against the U.S. Army until they finally moved westward in 1857. The Cherokees Were Forced to Move Westward Along the Trail of Tears Despite legal victories by the Cherokees, the United States government began to force the tribe to move west, to present-day Oklahoma, in 1838. A considerable force of the U.S. Army more than 7,000 men was ordered by President Martin Van Buren, who followed Jackson in office, to remove the Cherokees. General Winfield Scott commanded the operation, which became notorious for the cruelty shown to the Cherokee people. Soldiers in the operation later expressed regret for what they had been ordered to do. Cherokees were rounded up in camps and farms which had been in their families for generations were awarded to white settlers. The forced march of more than 15,000 Cherokees began in late 1838. And in the cold winter ââ¬â¹conditions, nearly 4,000 Cherokee died while trying to walk the 1,000 miles to the land where they had been ordered to live. The forced relocation of the Cherokee thus became known as the ââ¬Å"Trail of Tears.ââ¬
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